Donets Basin – prerequisites and background of the national republics

of the Event of spring of 2014 in Donets Basin for very many became big surprise. And as to Russian Federation — when learned that in Ukraine there is one more Russian region, and in Ukraine — when there learned that in Donets Basin there are powerful separatist tendencies.

Donets Basin, it is necessary to make small digression to history of this region, to try to understand character and consciousness of his inhabitants.

the Territory modern Donets Basin was won from the Crimean khanate by the Russian state in 17−18 eyelids. A peculiar Columbus Donets Basin became Kapustin Grigory the Russian geologist self-educated person (the native of the present Ivanovo region Russian Federation) at Pervy Petr on a task Bergh Board carried out two geological expedition on the territory modern Donets Basin where found, studied and documented coal deposits. From what system development Donets Basin originates. In the 19th century when industrial revolution in the Russian Empire began, members of the party Great Russia became an ethnic basis of settling and development Donets Basin. This process had absolutely objective reasons. On mines and plants of quickly developing region, preferred to employ mainly as members of the party Great Russia from Central Russian Federation, and as to a lesser extent representatives of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people of the Volga region. As living near Donets Basin malorossy Slobozhanshchina and an average of Podneprovya, worked seasonally. Late fall and in the winter, they still rather steadily worked, and on spring many of them left home for agricultural works. On it, in the region people who would work all the year round were necessary. On it, than further you were born from Donets Basin, to those with bigger hunting you took for work. It defined that fact that initially practically all large cities and settlements Donets Basin, as a rule, growing near large industrial facilities, were mainly great Russian on population structure. In a consequence, already other ethnic component slowly joined these created cities: Jews, Belarusians, Greeks, Armenians. Which passed to language of the city majority, perceived many elements of the Russian culture and self-identification. Becoming part of that now it is accepted to call "The Russian world". So a present russkoyazychnost Donets Basin it not result of a certain mythical russification, and historically caused natural process.

Now about a situation with malorossami and Ukrainians. The present Ukrainian historical and ethnographic science tries to put an equal-sign between these concepts. Though it is far not so. Maloross it, in the Russian Empire, chelovekrazgovarivavshiya on a Little Russian dialect of Russian, but often having the all-Russian self-identification. At that moment as the Ukrainian — is especially ethnic self-identification strong attached to political and valuable markers. On it when the Ukrainian party spreads data of census on the Russian Empire of 1897 for justification of an ethnic origin of this or that territory including Donets Basin, they to put it mildly swindle. The Little Russian component, certainly as plays a part in formation of the population Donets Basin. But here it should be noted that it quickly enough lost certain peculiar Little Russian features, actually being allocated with nothing from the main population of the region. And only in some villages of the region malorossy kept the dialect and certain small ethnographic features. About absence, special influence of the Ukrainian component in Donets Basin, testifies that fact, what not before revolution of 1917, during revolution and the civil war, any special manifestation of the Ukrainian life in the region we do not observe. Practically modern Donets Basin neither political, nor the educational organizations connected with the Ukrainian movement did not act on the territory. Behind an exception unless that national school in the village of Alekseyevka of the wife of the oligarch of that time Alchevsky Yvan — Alchevskaya Khristina.

Especially brightly the pro-Russian orientation Donets Basin was shown by p in November 1917 during elections in the Constituent Assembly when in provincial districts in the territory present Donets Basin everything together the Ukrainian parties received only about 12% of votes, thus it is necessary to understand that the lion's share of voices was given for "the Ukrainian Social Revolutionaries" acting on those elections exclusively under social, instead of national slogans. In some cities and miner settlements, especially in central Donets Basin for the Ukrainian parties voted zero people. Or as in Horlivka where 25 people voted for all Ukrainian lists only. Other population voted for the all-Russian parties. Creation Donetsk Krivorozhskoy of the Soviet Republic (DKRS) in a counterbalance existing in Kiev to the Central Rada became on February 12, 1918 even more demonstrative. Thus unlike the Central Rada the power which has proclaimed attendance order, DKSR it was created by the elected deputies of local councils and looked much more legitimately, than her opponents in Kiev. And only rigid bolshevitsky party distsiplinav a consequence will force representatives of DKSR will agree on the entry of the territory of their republic into structure Soviet Ukraine. The truth here is some moments. At that time the structure Soviet Ukraine did not include modern Western Ukraine, and conversation that city proletarian (consider pro-Russian) the element will be able to counterbalance rather effectively nationalist rushes rural Central Ukraine, seemed quite logical. Plus the capital Soviet Ukraine was in Kharkiv, literally no distance to Donets Basin. So and the capital will be under influence prorossiyski the adjusted proletariat. However already in those days, the coexistence Donets Basin and Ukraine became problem. First of all it was connected with attempt of an Ukrainization of education and office-work. The first wave of the strengthened Ukrainization (the beginning the 20th end of the 30th) in Donets Basin failed. The region did not stop being Russian-speaking, and education in nonnative language did not bring expected effect on which the developing country counted quickly enough. Then before the Great Patriotic War it was developed solomonovo the decision. In Donets Basin, first of all in large settlements, it was decided to leave education in the basis Russian-speaking with profound studying of Ukrainian and literature. In principle this scheme will exist up to disorder Soviet Union.

In post-war years there was a final formation of the Donbass mentality and outlook. Hard work in mines and at plants, a high probability of injuries, and it is frequent also death, led to that people weak in spirit and a body, people not capable to interact within big collective were not late in Donets Basin. On it the Donbass character always differed; the frankness sometimes turning into excessive naivety; rigidity capable to pass if required in cruelty; if it is required by patience for the sake of business; collectivism; sense of duty and punctuality. In principle Donets Basin became one of not the Soviet regions of the USSR much mentally really. And it did not depend on that fact that the Donetsk regional Communist Party organization was thirds in the Soviet Soyuzepo to number of members of CPSU, after Moscow and Leningrad. The question was that the person living in Donets Basin felt as the inhabitant of the big country and that where you would not go, to any party, on hundreds and thousands kilometers will live people speaking with you in your native language. What exactly you one of support of an existing superstate that you the worker belong to dear part of society. On it everything was imposed also that fact that the same miners received very good salary and had a number of social privileges. At least this feeling existing throughout two post-war generations was engraved in the national memory as region "Golden Age". Thus it is necessary to understand that donbassovets did not have anything parallel, as in other regions of the USSR. There was no religious structure (let and in a semi-underground state), was not any national patrimonial-breeding relations, there were no already patriarchal large families with a large number of relatives, in the urbanized Donets Basin even closely related communications were not especially supported. And really it as though did not sound strange, but the only institution on which the simple inhabitant Donets Basin was the state. And this state was the state with the center in Moscow, this state talked to Donets Basin in native Russian language, this state saw historical process in the same way as well as bulk of the population Donets Basin. To such itself the Russian-Soviet symbiosis in outlook.

But there is that eventually and will lead to the Donbass tragedy. Two tendencies, one all-union, and other republican-Ukrainian were outlined. The management of the USSR the same saw that degree of the Soviet patriotism which was present at Donets Basin and decided that here all - mission is executed. Let's build "a socialism show-window" in other places. As a result Donets Basin remained practically without preferences, but with those or yes the raised obligations to the country. On it where it is better to build the new comfortable inhabited residential district? In Donets Basin or Baltics? The choice fell to Baltics. Where to open one more theater? In Donets Basin or in Western Ukraine? The choice fell to Western Ukraine. And it is very important at planned and distributive system. In Donets Basin the economic and social situation worsened over time. There were no objects of infrastructure, the transport network did not develop, the life sphere more and more worsened. About Donets Basin began to forget simply. In Donetsk, for example, after its visit in the 1962nd year Khrushchev the following secretary general Donets Basin became only Mikhail Gorbachev, in 1989. Result of similar "oblivion" Donets Basin in the all-union agenda, became miner's strikes of the end of the 80th years, caused by social and economic problems. Which, by the way, began to Russian Federation in Kemerovo region, and Donets Basin simply supported. But the fact of these strikes very strongly stirred up public life in Donets Basin. Having served as the mistrust reason between party government and a people at large. Having served as a sign of that the power lost working class as the support. Considerably having strengthened decomposition processes in party and government institutions. As will bring in the end — the ends to crash of the USSR.

on the other hand the processes happened and in USSR where after Khruschev's decrees that the national republics have to be headed by representatives of title nationalities, the etnokratichesky system began to develop. Where in time from 1953 to 1991 at seven highest state positions only once there was not an Ukrainian. And integration in USSR which has been recently attached the Western Ukraine yielded the fruits. It is clear that the management chosen by the ethnic principle, started supporting for bigger legitimacy national focused creative intellectuals and even nationalist adjusted dissidents. Reconstructing under itself all humanitarian sphere. Where pastoral images patriarchal Ukraine, all these venochka, ornaments, painted pots slowly replaced the industrial and worker and even a revolutionary esthetics. Besides the Ukrainian Soviet quasistatehood at that time was already finally issued. In Kiev in the mid-fifties the beginning of the 60th the ministries and vedomstvadublirovavshy all-union but on which depended nothing were created. As absolute majority of metallurgical, mining, machine-building enterprises, without speaking already about "defence industry", working in Donets Basin were supervised on a straight line from Moscow. By the way on it, in Donets Basin did not allow to develop an education Ukrainization. To the enterprises skilled workers in large quantities were required, the engineers which managers to learn in Ukrainian, it was impossible. At least because professional terminology was badly developed, and that existed, caused bewilderment, and sometimes and simply sneers even in Ukrainian-language experts. On it, all technical colleges of the region were Russian-speaking. Under this fact primary and secondary education was arranged.

Proceeding from it the Kiev management did not feed special love to too independent and not to donbassovets similar to them. Though the republican center as could tried to show the power. Naprimervo time of population censuses in the same Donets Basin, from giving Kiev, copyists on places consciously overestimated percent of the Ukrainian population, trying though somehow to mark this region as Ukrainian.

Only who in Donets Basin was really focused by p on Kiev for whom Kiev republican "crossing point" played large role, it were party bodies. The party hierarchy was observed by Moscow. Now say that in the 1991st year Donets Basin voted for independence Ukraine much. Telling so do not understand that for a referendum about independence in Donets Basin the local Communist Party and all authorities agitated. Those to whom the senior and average generation got used to trust. It was told local population that the referendum is necessary only for what to dump Mikhail Gorbachev. And then a pier, heads of the Soviet republics will gather and again will recreate the USSR. Many believed it, though certainly not all. Donets Basin was almost only region Ukraine where at a grassroots level promotion against declaration of independence Ukraine was conducted. The Interdvizheniye of Donbass organization distributing leaflets with an appeal to tell "no" to the Ukrainian independence was engaged in it. But propaganda opportunities were obviously not equal. Besides, during a referendum about independence, on sites for vote there were no independent observers. As a result the Kiev republican power drew such figure pro what wanted. By the way, and in Republic of Crimea, according to the same Kiev authorities the majority of the population (it without the come-back Crimean Tatars) voted for independence Ukraine.

However soon the people Donets Basin realized p that it are banal deceived. That nobody wants to restore Soviet Union it did not turn out. Million Russians living on the earth suddenly began to understand that they appeared without the Homeland. And then gradual fight for the legitimate rights, and subsequently and for return to Russian Federation was started anew.

in the middle of 1992 the Donetsk strike committee uniting actually all mines Donetsk Oblast, urged the country leaders to transform Ukraine to a federal state. On June 7, 1993 in Donets Basin the massive miner's strike in which participated the majority of the coal-mining enterprises of the region began. Gradually the enterprises of other branches began to adjoin strike. Under pressure of strikers in The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the decision to hold an advisory referendum was made on September 26, 1993 on trust to the president and parliament. After negotiations with President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk Rada, however, in two days prior to a referendum cancelled it and decided to carry out on March 27, 1994 early parliamentary and on June 26 the same year early presidential election. On local having equaled September 1993 godadeputatydonetsky regional councils Donetsk Oblast accepted resheniyevynesti on regular session a question of an autonomy. Kiev seriously started counteracting it, the prosecutor's office and the All-Ukrainian trade-union organizations with the requirement to holding a meeting was connected and the deputy to remove a question of an autonomy. In exchange, it was offered to region to promote level of economic independence. As the result of this compromise, in the middle oseni1993 Donetsk regional council makes years the decision on creation of Regional Economic Self-government (REK). This idea was supported by three more regional councils: Lugansk, Dnepropetrovsk and Zaporozhye. The Donetsk strike committee as supported this idea, having urged deputies not to stop halfway and to achieve still bigger independence for Donets Basin. It was thus declared that if deputies will refuse to do it, to strikes will overthrow so indecisive local government. As a result of it in December the 1993rd Donetsk regional council makes the decision on the termination of transfer of means to Kiev while that will not extinguish all debts to area. But here Ives's compromise did not manage to be reached any more. The answer to it Donetsk regional council in March, 1994 makes two major decisions.

1) the decision on formation of own budget, without any caution to Kiev.

2) during elections in The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the territory Donetsk Oblast to hold a referendum with questions:

— whether you Agree the Constitution Ukraine fixed the federal and land device Ukraine?

— whether you Agree the Constitution Ukraine fixed Russian functioning as a state language Ukraine along with the state Ukrainian?

— whether you Agree to territories Donetsk Oblast language of work, office-work and documentation, and also science and education there was Russian along with Ukrainian?

— you for signing of the Charter Commonwealth of Independent States, full participation Ukraine in the economic union, in inter-parliamentary assembly of the states Commonwealth of Independent States?

the Similar referendum took place p and in County of Luhansk. As a result the questions posed positively answered from 79 to 90 percent voting. But Kiev ignored results of a lawful regional referendum. At presidential election which has passed after a referendum, Donets Basin record quantity of voices (Donetsk Oblast — 79% and Lugansk — 88%) supports the opponent Leonid Kravchuk — Kuchma Leonid. Which went on elections under the slogan of the maximum rapprochement with Russian Federation. Besides, Kuchma Leonid being the deputy of Rada in the 1991st year refrained when voting about independence, in the Soviet questionnaires in the column the nationality was written by "Russian", was married to the native of Ural to Talalaeva Ludmila who did not learn Ukrainian even during presidency of the husband. What could expect Donets Basin from such person? Well, only improvements of the relations with Russian Federation, corrections of mistakes which Leonid Kravchuk managed to do and it is natural, expansion of the rights of local government.

However the new president literally in pervyezhe weeks of the board began the most severe course on centralization. On August 6, 1994 Kuchma Leonid issued the Decree with which subordinated itself the elected chairmen of regional, city and regional councils all earlier in public. Then through the constitutional agreement which has developed into the Constitution Ukraine of a sample of 1996, pressed through the thesis about full unitarity of the country (Republic of Crimea though was called as the autonomous republic, in the powers not far left from usual area). But Kuchma Leonid as the person not the silly understood that Donets Basin worried such surge in political activity, hardly will so simply reconcile to loss of the powers. On it, Kuchma Leonid since the end of the 90th years tries to integrate into the imperious vertical of representatives of the Donbass financial and industrial groups (FIG). On the one hand they had an opportunity to privatize the numerous industrial enterprises Donets Basin, and with another had to organize in the restless region a loyalty mode for Ukraine. That is most to destroy and marginalizirovat all pro-Russian and separatist public and political groups.

A was to struggle with whom. Still in recent years existence Soviet Union on Donets Basin there was a number of the organizations setting for itself the purpose: maximum programme "preservation Ukraine and Russian Federation as a part of the uniform state"; and if it does not turn out, and Ukraine will proclaim independence, then the program — a minimum "occurrence Donets Basin in structure Russian Federation". In Lugansk it was "National movements of Luganshchina" and the Movement "Democratic Donbass". In Donetsk it were already mentioned "Interdvizheniye of Donbass" and "Movements for revival Donets Basin". At once after declaration of independence Ukraine, in April of the 1992nd year in Donetsk the Civil Congress Ukraine", in a consequence transformed to "Slavic Party" was created ". Worked ten of smaller: Cossack, orthodox, military and historical organizations, communities and clubs. All of them to the bylina not too numerous. Here the chronic lack of financing multiplied by pressure from the Ukrainian intelligence services to which regularly affected attacks were added from the Ukrainian nationalists. But nevertheless from this environment those slogans and ideas which were picked up by larger political forces moved forward. At first it were regularly passing in The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine (Communist Party of Ukraine), Progressive Socialist party Ukraine (PSPU) and till 2004 Socialist Party Ukraine (SPU). However any of these political forces, declaring the pro-Russian and regional rhetoric, for all 90th years could not and not strongly wanted, something to do for the voter. Considering that on opposition with nationalist part Ukraine can be done political career for a long time. Such position very interested also the Donbass political elite which logically decided that if the pro-Russian subject operate left why it is impossible for us.

In the 1997th year, on October 26, in Kiev there took place constituent congress "Parties of regional revival Ukraine" (PRVU). Which leader there was of that time measures Donetsk Rybak Vladimir, and frame her was made by natives from Donets Basin, led by Nicholas Yanovich Azarov. In the program of new political force the same program things, as at left-wing parties were written down: the official status of Russian and the maximum expansion of the rights of regions, up to federalization. The most interesting that in the next years will join PRVU some more parties. Therefore political association with difficult remembered name Party of Regional Revival "Labor solidarity Ukraine" is formed. Which will take itself all PRVU program and will have three cochairmen. Two of Donetsk, (Rybak Vladimir ivalentin Landyk) and one of Vinnytsia — Petro Poroshenko. Yes, that. So that the present President of Ukraine in the late nineties not simply consisted, and led party demanding the official status for Russian and federalization Ukraine. But on it the piquancy does not come to an end. The party of regional revival "Labor solidarity Ukraine", in the 2001st was reformatted in Party of regions of Ukraine which will nominate in the 2004th year to a post President of Ukraine Yanukovich Victor . The truth at this moment Petro Poroshenko already leaves this party and will go over in camp Viktor Yushchenko.

However the first attempt Yanukovich Victor to become p President of Ukraine failed. After the announcement in the Central Election Commission about its victory in Kiev "the orange Maidan" began. On the first Saturday after the Maidan beginning — on November 27, 2004 The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, held the special session devoted to discussion of a political situation in the country. And the building of Rada was surrounded by supporters Viktor Yushchenko. Thus "orange" deputies passed a number of demonstrators to the parliament building. It actually meant that deputies are taken hostage by oppositionists. As a result the Ukrainian deputies, being under big psychological pressure, adopted not the legitimate resolution from several points. Main of them consisted that the parliament recognizes the second round of elections President of Ukraine not displaying fully will of the people and new repeated vote at presidential election it is appointed to December 12.

In response to it on November 26, 2004, in Donets Basin, regular session of Lugansk regional council by a majority vote made the decision on creation of the Autonomous Southeast Ukrainian Republic. Next day, on November 27 extraordinary session of the Kharkov regional council decided to create executive committees regional and regional councils Kharkiv Region and to allocate them with powers of public authorities. The solution of a message coordination of actions with Autonomous republic supreme soviet of Crimea, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye, Lugansk, Odessa, Kherson, Nikolaev regional councils, the Sevastopol city council was made. On November 28, in County of Luhansk, in Sieverodonetsk All-Ukrainian congress of People's Deputies and deputies of local councils of all levels on which about 4 thousand delegates from 17 regions Ukraine gathered took place. There were practically all deputies of local councils of Donetsk and Lugansk areas. Congress declared that in case of coming to power Viktor Yushchenko are reserved by the right for the adequate actions directed on protection of the rights of citizens of the regions. Congress also made the decision to create Interregional council of local governments of Southeast regions. Besides, Lugansk, Donetsk and Kharkov regional councils declared resubmission to themselves militia and other state structures and the termination of transfers of money in the Ukrainian state budget.

in the Morning Sieverodonetsk gathered on the square in front of the Ice arena of more than ten thousand locals chanting "Yanukovich Victor ! " and "Federalization! ". Already in all among deputies words that it is necessary to proclaim independence of the Southeast Ukraine (historical Novorossiya ) sounded. Practically all met in thought that if Yanukovich Victor will tell "yes", in the territory Ukraine is formed the new independent state. However pale Yanukovich Victor declared: "I ask to stop you it. Give we together with you we will agree that only on peace conditions, only on the terms of laws and the Constitution it is possible to build our future today. Therefore I you urge not to start any radical measures any, I repeat" Congress ended with anything. Confused delegates parted on houses. The fact of congress in Sieverodonetsk, Viktor Yushchenko caused the extremely negative reaction from outside. He demanded immediately to bring criminal case against initiators of deputy congress in Sieverodonetsk. Besides, Viktor Yushchenko addressed to the population Donets Basin, having deceitfully promised to pursue policy of integration with Russian Federation and free communication in Russian. But anybody especially did not believe it.

After "the third round", porezultaty which President of Ukraine became Viktor Yushchenko. In Donets Basin the spontaneous people's movement began. In Lugansk and Donetsk and as in the regional centers of two areas there were constantly operating peculiar "Hyde parks" where people gathered, leaflets, self-made brochures communicated, distributed, verses were read, signatures gathered, people registered in a trip to Kiev somehow to resist to "orange" dictatorship. Improbable emotional lifting and unification of people was felt. Tent towns in support of Yanukovich Victor were organized. Constantly operating tent towns was are broken in Donetsk, Lugansk and Mariupol. Meetings passed every day. But these tent towns, unlike Kiev, were in total information blockade. But the people continued to stand. For one only week of January, in Donetsk 5 thousand declarations of accession to Party of regions of Ukraine were given. But the guide of regionals already ran with separate negotiations to the new "orange" power. Protesting remained provided to itself. And here already moods started being radicalized. The situation was heated before that to disperse from a request to the Donetsk tent town there arrived personally Yanukovich Victor . After this request the main part of participants of the town in the extremely depressed state dispersed. But the main thing was made. In this town groups of the pro-Russian radicals took shape. Which will build a paradigm "At first independence Donets Basin — then accession to Russian Federation", without any binding to large political forces. The Donetsk Republic organization which was officially registered at the end of 2005 becomes the most noticeable of these groups, certainly. Their official standard becomes black Xing — a red banner, nowadays an official flag Donetsk People's Republic. "Republicans" not especially long thinking began petition for independence Donets Basin therefore they began problems with Security Service of Ukraine. As a result the organization passed to semi-legal situation, that not meneeprodolzhy to extend the ideas among inhabitants Donets Basin. At the beginning "the Donetsk Republic" was headed by Tsurkan Alexander after which death reins of government into the organizations will pass to his deputy, Purgin Andrey. To future chairman of National Council of Donetsk People's Republic, and to one of informal leaders "The Russian spring" in Donets Basin.

at the end of 2007 as registered the organization under the name "Donbass Russia" with the program similar to the doctrine "Donetsk Republic" and so with three-colored red-blue-black official flagomorganizatsi. Only, with a little more careful official rhetoric. In the same time in Lugansk the Young Guard organization with the similar purposes will be created. In Donetsk and Lugansk offices of the military patriotic organizations "Kaskad" and "Political Party "United Party of people with disabilities in Russia"" opened. The last, by the way, leaves the prime minister of Donetsk People's Republic Alexander Zakharchenko.

B Donets Basin, during presidency Viktor Yushchenko, actively steel acted tens unregistered groups anyway focused on Russian Federation. Beginning from monarchists and orthodox fundamentalists and finishing Stalinists and Eurasians. Many supporters of ideas sounded by radical pro-Russian groups worked in system political groups, such as Communist Party of Ukraine, PSPU and Party of regions of Ukraine. Trying to affect from the positions a situation in the region. For example future national governor Donetsk Oblast, the person standing at the origins in Donets Basin — Gubarev Pawel was "Russian spring" the deputy of local council from the progressive — socialists.

On it when in February, 2014, after the second Maidan, in Ukraine in the shortest time the imperious vertical failed, the pro-Russian groups any more did not repeat an error of 2004−2005. When Yanukovich Victor simply leveled people's movement. In the spring of 2014 nadonbasse there were organizations and people who quickly started filling with itself vacuum of the power. These people already had historically reasonable idea with which they left to the people, and idea conformable to expectations of these people. In the region there were any organizations and the leaders, capable to motivate and structure process, having passed from words to business. Having made a push to formation of the state institutions. Eventually, these people had an evident and recognizable symbol — the black-blue-red flag lifted over posts and barricades. Flag for which thousands and thousands people were ready to battle and die.

When the local Donbass financial and industrial group which was in prostration after events in Kiev followed after Evromaydan, and then begun the auction on the future with the new power, tried to reach the former position in a local imperious vertical, their place was already occupied. And even people once approached to the Donbass FPG, but taking part in events, eventually, chose "Russian spring" the party of the proclaimed Donets Basin. The initiative departured from hands of the former owners of the region.

Similar succession of events was on the natural, but unexpected as for Kiev and for Moscow. As both capitals simply did not notice those latent processes occurring in Donets Basin. When the Russian majority of the region and the representatives who have adjoined them of other nationalities the considering Donets Basin — the multinational Russian region, settled all possible peace and legal ways of protection of the national and social rights (referenda, elections, work through local authorities, petitions, public work) and were morally ready to transition to national liberation fight for the right to be owners on the small Homeland and for pravovossoyedinitsya at last with the big Homeland.

the Situation in Donets Basin is classical national liberating war. When one region with other than other country: national structure, communication language, mainly other religious jurisdiction, structure of economic activity and mass perception of history, wants it will be disconnected. This fight has rather deep background and traditions. And not to consider now it, seeing in the events now in Donets Basin simply civil war of one Ukrainians with others, not absolutely correctly. Such approach to anything good will not lead. Not to mention that after an event Donets Basin and Ukraine hardly will be able to coexist in uniform borders. This opportunity remained long ago behind.