В преддверии Первого Евразийского конгресса лингвистов, который пройдет в Москве 9-13 декабря 2024 г., в различных научных и образовательных организациях Москвы 5-6 декабря состоятся лекции и доклады ведущих ученых, приезжающих для участия в конгрессе.
5 декабря
Институт языкознания РАН (Б. Кисловский пер., дом 1, конференц-зал - второй этаж)
Цикл лекций
14:30 Paul Sidwell (Sydney University, Australia) 20 years of experience as an expert forensic linguistic consultant in Australia
16:00 Чжао Жунхуэй (Шанхайский университет иностранных языков) Исследование языковой жизни: концепция и междисциплинарный подход
18:00 Коллоквиум Отделения теоретической и прикладной лингвистики (филологический факультет МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова). James Kari (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) Features of the Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary
Для прохода в здание Института языкознания РАН необходимо до 4 декабря включительно отправить на адрес электронной почты iling@iling-ran.ru ФИО участника и название организации/учебного заведения.
5 декабря
Российский государственный гуманитарный университет (Миусская пл., 6, вход с улицы Чаянова, корпус 6, 6 этаж, ауд. 625)
Лекция
14:00 Рафаэль Гусман Тирадо (Гранадский университет) «Национально ориентированный подход к преподаванию русского языка: опыт Гранадского университета»
Всех желающих прийти на лекцию просят до 4 декабря присылать свои ФИО и должности для оформления пропуска и.о. директора Департамента международного сотрудничества Ольге Викторовне Трофимовой по адресу trofimova.o@rggu.ru, тел. +7 (495) 250-65-14
6 декабря
Российский государственный гуманитарный университет (Миусская пл., 6, корпус 6, ауд. 625)
Серия лекций “Fields methods of linguistics and anthropology”.
11:00 James Kari (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) Dena'ina of Cook Inlet Basin, the most distinctive Dene language
12:00 Adeline Peter Raboff (Fairbanks, Alaska) Writing late prehistory of Alaska native communities
13:00 – 14:00 Перерыв
14:00 Denny Moore (Museu Goeldi, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brazil). Native peoples of Brazil: Overview, current situation, field research and practical assistance measures
15:00 Valentina N. Bryndina, Oxana V. Ivanchenko (Institute for African Studies; Russian State University for the Humanities) Field Work in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar Archipelago: ins and outs. (Примечание: этот доклад непосредственно не связан с конгрессом, однако представляет собой дополнение к серии лекций, которые прочтут участники конгресса.)
Для прохода в здание РГГУ нужно до 4 декабря включительно прислать ФИО участника на почту centre_mesoamerica@rggu.ru
6 декабря
НИУ Высшая школа экономики (ул. Старая Басманная 21/4)
1. Научный доклад в рамках пленарного заседания Ностратического семинара им. В.М. Иллич-Свитыча Центра компаративистики и филогенетики Института классического Востока и античности ВШЭ - корпус «Л», 2-й этаж, ауд. Л-209.
18:30 Paul Sidwell (Sydney University, Australia) Modelling the prehistory and evolution of a language family: lessons from Austroasiatic
Для прохода в здания НИУ ВШЭ нужен пропуск. Для оформления пропуска на доклад П. Сидвелла необходимо до 4 декабря включительно заполнить форму по адресу https://forms.yandex.ru/u/67363bdbd04688fa06869408/. При проходе в здание нужно назвать охране свою фамилию и предъявить паспорт.
2. Научный доклад в рамках семинарских занятий магистерской программы «Языковая политика в условиях этнокультурного разнообразия» - корпус «А», 4-й этаж, ауд. А-403.
18:30 Camiel Hamans (Comité International Permanent des Linguistes, CIPL). The tension between standardization and rights for minority languages
Для прохода в здания НИУ ВШЭ нужен пропуск. Для оформления пропуска на доклад К. Хаманса необходимо до 4 декабря включительно заполнить эту форму. При проходе на лекцию нужно назвать охране свою фамилию и предъявить паспорт.
См аннотации ниже
Аннотации докладов
Paul Sidwell (Sydney University, Australia) 20 years of experience as an expert forensic linguistic consultant in Australia
While working for decades as an academic specialising in historical linguistics, I have also practiced a sideline as a Forensic linguistics (FL) consultant, dealing with scores of cases in Australia. Additionally, I developed a course in FL at the Australian National University that I taught from 2011 to 2015. In this talk I will briefly describe the state of FL in Australia and relate details of some of the more interesting cases I have consulted on, including violent crime, terrorism, fraud, and defamation, and draw some general lessons and recommendations.
Forensic linguistics (FL) is a broad term for diverse activities that involve the application of linguistic knowledge and methods to criminal or civil legal investigations and judicial procedures. In the English-speaking world, FL tends to cluster into two main areas of activity:
- The use of language in legal contexts, such as in the interpretation of law, of testimony, and speech and text used as evidence. In this context, FL practice has often tended towards advocacy for participants seen to have disadvantages in their interactions with the legal system. And,
- Speaker/author identification/discrimination in criminal investigations, typically employed by police and prosecutors. It can include issues such as 'ear-witnessing', impersonation of voice, disputed utterances, speaker profiling (also known as 'language analysis'), among others.
In the civil realm, FL consultants may assist in matters relating to claims of fraud, plagiarism, defamation, threats, intellectual property, etc. involving spoken or textual evidence. FL methods may also rely upon theoretical and applied knowledge of acoustics, computer science, statistics, and other topics that are often not cultivated among academic linguists.
In recent decades FL has seen an increasing importance placed upon Bayesian reasoning in the evaluation of evidence, and while this has brought increased scientific rigor, it has also introduced some negative dynamics. There are often strong differences in how academics and scientists search for truth and how legal professionals and juries understand and deal with evidence and decision-making, often leading to confusion rather than clarity. Also, while advances in information technology, especially AI and biometrics, can now automate many identification/discrimination tasks, there are limits. Criminal investigators must often rely upon fragmentary or poor-quality evidence that demands human linguistic experience and intuitions. Finally, there are views within the academic community about appropriate and fit activities and associations for academicians. These will be very specific to local cultural, political and Seitgeist factors, and may impact strongly for or against getting involved in FL practice.
Чжао Жунхуэй (Шанхайский университет иностранных языков) Исследование языковой жизни: концепция и междисциплинарный подход
Исследование языковой жизни являются быстро развивающейся областью в китайской прикладной лингвистике (особенно в социолингвистике) в последние годы. Оно не только сформировало исследовательские коллективы, институты и журнальные комплексы, но и активно участвует в социальном управлении, а также провела плодотворные исследования в области теории и методов. Докладчик, основываясь на опыте и практике составления «Доклада о языковой жизни в мире» в течение последних десяти лет, представит четыре аспекта: (1) концепция и парадигма исследований языковой жизни; (2) необходимость изучения языковой жизни в мире; (3) содержание исследований языковой жизни в мире; (4) междисциплинарный подход к исследованиям языковой жизни. Эта область предоставляет полезный опыт исследований для глубокого понимания природы языка, обогащения теорий и парадигм языковых исследований, а также способствует пониманию сущности и характеристик «язык в широком понятии» и «большой лингвистики».
James Kari (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) Features of the Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary
Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary is a midsized Lexware dictionary that consolidates nearly all primary data for this language of Alaska's middle Tanana River Valley from the years 1903 to 2023. The LTDD presents the words, skills, and ideas of more than 40 expert LT speakers. New features increase the book's accessibility for a range of users, from members of the Lower Tanana community, to specialists in Dene linguistics or ethnology, or to those in allied fields of interdisciplinary prehistory.
The Lower Tanana Table of Headwords (pp. 1-11) has 1149 consolidated headwords or separate entries. These assembled headwords plus tag definitions are an outline of the cosmographic breadth of the Lower Tanana language. The material and natural world, the conscious and the subconscious, the lexical and the grammatical are displayed as an alphabetized outline that reflects the long-term Dene ecological, cognitive and linguistic adaptations to Interior Alaska.
The book is arranged as a multi-disciplinary resource that invites browsing and study. Appen. B has an editable LT Verb Complex and Kari's current model of Dene word formation. Other appendices summarize LT numerals, classificatory verbs, kinship, loan words, anatomy, fish and fishing, and shelter. Local place names and Dene Generative Geography are presented in many figures and in Append D. Chena dialect speakers Helen David Charlie and Laura David Anderson are featured with colorful quotes and drawings from the classic booklet, According to Mama (1956).
James Kari (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) Dena'ina of Cook Inlet Basin, the most distinctive Dene language
I began my work on Dena'ina in May 1972. There has been sharing of high-level language by the foremost speakers for over fifty years. There is a wide array of Dena'ina language publications and primary sources at Alaska Native Language Archive. There are some rich 19th century sources by Russian scholars such as Wrangell and Voznesenkii. The Dena'ina loan word corpus is highly unusual with about 850 sourced loan words, featuring Kenai Peninsula Russian. The forthcoming Dena'ina Root/Morpheme Dene Dictionary (sponsored by Kenaitze Indian Tribe) will be revisable fully hyperlinked digital dictionary.
Adeline Peter Raboff (Fairbanks, Alaska) Writing Late Prehistory of Alaska Native Communities
The objective of my education and work was always to present the history of my people, the Dinjii Zhuh Nation (Gwich’in) community in Northeastern Alaska to the community and then to others, the world. In essence this is the narrative of my research not only as a once monolingual hunter/gatherer living a nomadic lifestyle imbued in the Dinjii Zhuh K’yaa language, extensive genealogy, story- telling, and a deep generational familiarity with the environment and place, but as someone with a responsibility to also do this work. I hope to describe how research was carried out for my current work, “Ïyaġaaġmiut: The People Who Live Among The Rock Caches.” By Ch’igiioonta’ and the development of the Map of Alaska Native Communities in 1800. And how the challenges of technology and global access to information are making me change as a researcher and writer.
Denny Moore (Museu Goeldi, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brazil) Native peoples of Brazil: Overview, current situation, field research and practical assistance measures
A brief overview of the indigenous peoples of Brazil and their prehistory will be presented, followed by an account of the process of contact with invading non-indigenous populations and its effects. The state of Brazilian anthropology and linguistics will be sketched. Brazilian indigenous policy and practices have evolved over the past decade, and this has affected both fieldwork practices and practical projects to benefit indigenous groups, who are searching for a way forward. For those interested in field research, there is a 10-minute video (in English) which shows the author’s fieldwork, at this link. Also, a memoir of his fieldwork was published in Moscow:
Valentina N. Bryndina, Oxana V. Ivanchenko (Institute for African Studies; Russian State University for the Humanities) Field Work in Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar Archipelago: ins and outs
For many years we and our colleagues have been conducting fieldwork in the United Republic of Tanzania. We’ve been making researches on various topics: the historical memory of the 19th-century Arab-Swahili slave trade and the colonization of Tanganyika by British and Germans; the current state of relations between Muslims and Christians in the country; the process of nation building amid the ethno-racial stratification of society; mutual help groups and the survival strategies among the citizens of poorest neighborhoods (slums).
Preparation for each expedition, interaction with respondents and the course of the field research per se has strongly depended on the part of country where the research was carried out. The greatest difference in the approaches was detected in the studies conducted in Tanzania mainland and on the islands of Zanzibar Archipelago. Interaction with the citizens of poorest neighborhoods also has a lot of special features.
During the seminar the authors will share their own practical field research experience in Tanzania, discuss the used tools and methods (interviews, questionnaires) and their efficiency, the process of interaction with respondents, and common tricky issues of the field work which tend to be ignored in the ethnographic discussions.
Paul Sidwell (Sydney University, Australia) Modelling the prehistory and evolution of a language family: lessons from Austroasiatic
The Austroasiatic (AA) phylum is the principal language substrate of Mainland Southeast Asia, its periphery extending to the Malay peninsula, India, and southern China. It comprises around 170 languages in some 14 branches, and its origins can be confidently located in the regional transition to rice and millet farming of the late Neolithic. In this talk I will briefly review the history of the field, drawing lessons on methodological and theoretical approaches, and how these informed my own work. I will also summarise my reconstruction of proto-AA phonology, lexicon, morpho-syntax, and culture/homeland.
Comparative-historical studies of AA began more than a century, and diverse efforts by scholars have brought us to where we can now discuss many aspects of Austroasiatic language history with confidence, including proto-Austroasiatic itself (e.g. see Sidwell & Alves 2023, Sidwell 2024 for phonological reconstruction and 500 word proto-lexicon). Progress in AA comparative-historical work has proceeded in waves, with a significant period of progress from the late 1950s to late 1970s that laid the analytical groundwork, followed by a phase of more recent progress in the 21st century as significant improvements in data availability and information technology transformed working methods and productivity.
This latter period saw qualitative changes and theoretical advancements. We became more aware and understanding of various linguistic phenomenon, such as the use of phonation types and contour tones in various languages, posing new challenges for phonological reconstruction. There also emerged a more informed typology of syllable structures, and interactions between levels of structure, that was absent in early decades. Nonetheless, our current model of proto-AA is essentially one that we could largely have arrived at half a century ago, given the data and theoretical understandings of that time, but various factors aligned to hold back progress.
The story of AA comparative-historical linguistics is largely characterized by uncoordinated and highly idiosyncratic efforts. Scholars pursued various inductive and deductive approaches with significant consequences. Bayesian reasoning, comparing the relative strength of competing claims/analyses, was largely absent from the discourse, leading to numerous irreconcilable claims, especially since the 1970s. Better research coordination, data sharing, and overall transparency are vital and made much easier in the present era of the internet and inexpensive information technology, yet the human factor remains both an asset and a limitation in comparative work.
References
Sidwell, Paul and Mark Alves. 2023. Re-Evaluating Shorto's MKCD Reconstructions. In Paul Sidwell & Mark Alves (eds.) Papers from the Ninth and Tenth International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics. JSEALS Special Publication No. 12. Manoa, University of Hawaii Press.
Sidwell, Paul. 2024. 500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 17.1:i-xxxii
Camiel Hamans (Comité International Permanent des Linguistes, CIPL). The tension between standardization and rights for minority languages
Nation states, and especially national authorities, prefer homogeneity. Also, when it comes to languages. The best example is that of the French Revolution. Until the end of the 18th century only a small percentage of the people living on French soil spoke French. The leaders of the revolution considered this a serious problem, since people who did not master French could not understand what wonderful rights the new laws offered them. Therefore, the Abbé Gregoire, who drafted a report for the National French Convention, suggested to annihilate the regional languages and to universalize the use of French in France.
At the same time German romantic philosophers such as Herder and Fichte promoted the idea of linguistic essentialism, which is the idea that there is an intrinsic bond between nation and language. In their case it meant a natural relation between Germanness and the German language, not German dialects.
The drive for standardization, for a single national language, is also reinforced by economic factors. So much so that voices are even heard that want to subordinate the national language to an international language. In the Netherlands, for example, there is a fierce debate about academic education in English.
Finally, another factor that favors a national language over regional or minority languages is status and career opportunities. Parents who want their children to live a better life often give up their minority mother tongue in favor of the standard (national) language.
Despite these factors, there remain groups that attach importance to their minority mother tongue. Sometimes, since they also believe in a kind of linguistic essentialism: they feel different, which means that they should celebrate their different language. Other groups feel deprived, and part of their emancipation process is recognition of their language. Both groups consider their regional or minority language to be part of their identity.
It will be clear that the efforts of national authorities to strengthen the national language and that of groups standing up for their minority language may come into conflict. Quite often the emancipation process of these minority groups is seen as a pursuit of autonomy or even separation.
In this presentation I will discuss examples of these conflicts from Spain, Belgium, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Hungary and Georgia. I will also show how the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages can be seen as a useful language policy instrument to settle these conflicts.