, instead of to clean
Process of emergence of new objects on Additive technologies – a show enchanting. All process is conducted in the dark: on a layer of photopolymer the laser beam runs, and quite concrete "something" grows from "pool".
– the principle of creation of any subject on such technologies is opposite habitual when "from the bigger create smaller", for example, by means of machining move away all superfluous, – the research supervisor of group of founders 3D - the printer of bones of a skeleton at Institute of metalloorganic chemistry of a name of Razuvayev the Doctor of Chemistry Chesnokov Sergei explained. – "Additive" also means "attaching": this layer-by-layer building and object synthesis by means of computer The 3D - technologies from liquid polymer or a powdery material which hardens in the set conditions under the influence of light or heat.
the Main advantage of such way – almost waste-free, fast, and the main, most exact embodiment of an idea of the designer, or as Chesnokov Sergei, "creator" speaks.
– This technology became possible thanks to an alloy of two directions: computer equipment and chemistry in which in recent years there was the real break, – was explained by the scientist. – In the world now there is the real boom apropos Additive technologies which are recognized as technologies the future.
By the way, the invention of the stereolithographic device belongs to Charles Khall. It made it in 1986, then created and company on them to production. Importance of new technologies was understood at once in the USSR, and different groups of researchers started development of the systems of layer-by-layer synthesis.
– with the assistance of the academician Abakumov Gleb created group of "posloyshchik" of 9 people of different establishments (our institute, radiofaka university of a name of Lobachevsky, Salyut plant), and we designed and made "in iron" the first in Russian Federation the computerized installation which itself grew up polymeric object of the set form, – Chesnokov Sergei plunged into memoirs.
the Group worked withevery day, without days off, till the dead of night. Exactly in 9 months scientists "gave birth to the first-born". They offered the invention to one large industrial enterprise, but as tells Chesnokov Sergei, "there requested the ready machine, to do which to us there was nothing".
In the early nineties the industry failed, and new technologies became necessary to nobody. The Nizhny Novgorod researchers continued work and made some more installations, but already laboratory, "for itself".
Chemists united with physicians
2002 the group of researchers of Institute of metalloorganic chemistry of a name of Razuvayev patentedB new, offered by the associate professor radiofaka university of a name of Lobachevsky Mensov Sergei, the principle of cultivation of model.
– We set the task to exclude one of the longest stages of formation of object, – continues Chesnokov Sergei. – Matmodel of object and a trajectory of movement of a laser beam were it is calculated so that the difficult object was grown up from a layer of liquid photopolymer in a continuous mode.
to place the invention at health service, chemists united with physicians. Today in the commonwealth with the Nizhny Novgorod research institute of traumatology the scheme of preparation for difficult operations is already fulfilled.
According to tomographic data create mathematical model of bones or joints of the specific person, and the necessary fragment is grown up on Additive technologies. On the received exact model doctors fulfill, for example, equipment of the forthcoming operation.
– It is already personified medicine when it is treated not abstract sick, and the specific person, with his specific features of a structure of bones, – the developer explained. – From a neutral polymeric material it is possible to create an implant or an artificial limb which after installation will sprout vessels and completely will replace the absent original. And it already other task. Here the biggest complexity that the bone has porous structure with sizes of time from 5 to 400 microns in a certain ratio. To construct mathematical model of such porous object and to recreate it at 3D - synthesis extremely difficult. At our institute of work are conducted in two laboratories – with biodegradable polymers (under the leadership of the director of institute, the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Fedyushkin Igor) and with not decomposed polymers which on durability do not concede the real bone.
Porous implants were already carried out by animal experiments: into bones to guinea pigs inserted grown up on Additive technologies "pro-barrels" – implants. According to the scientist, big-eared after such operation perfectly felt, was not neither rejection, nor an inflammation. in the world by means of Additive technologies artificially grow up Today the human skin which change will save lives to people with a big area of burns, stomatologic implants, artificial limbs and crowns; individual hearing aids; 3D models of bodies for studying of influence of drugs are printed, orthopedic artificial limbs are created. Works of the Nizhny Novgorod scientists can bring the contribution in future medicine. After all porous implants of the bone, to identical "native" stones of the person, in the world still nobody did. an application for a grant to continue work in this direction.
Now Additive technologies are around the world applied by in the most various spheres. For example, "additive" construction of buildings and various constructions reduces building time by 10 times and allows to realize any design decisions – from medieval castles to houses taking into account seismostability. In pharmacology can create and individual tablets for the specific patient: the dose calculates taking into account a sex, age, the weight, accompanying diseases. And any technical details on any production – automotive industry, instrument making, aircraft industry – will be not only the most exact, but also stronger and easy. Except global scales these technologies give a scope for an imagination embodiment to fans "to ground a flea". The three-dimensional two-photon superprinter allows to create subjects of any complexity of 50 microns in size (for comparison: thickness of a human hair – 100 microns).